For the second time this year, the Islamic State explicitly called for its supporters and other Muslims to take up arms in Sudan under its name. Simultaneously, it urged foreign fighters, particularly from North Africa, to travel to the country to partake in this jihad.
Russia has developed longer-range bombs that offer the Russian Air Force inexpensive, survivable tools for long-range strikes, including on Ukrainian cities that were previously safe from glide bombs.
After 18 months under siege, El Fasher, the capital of Sudan’s North Darfur State, has fallen to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The victory leaves the RSF in control of the entire Darfur region and raises alarms over ethnic cleansing and Sudan’s potential partition.
With the help of China, Tehran is importing a chemical precursor for its medium-range ballistic missiles despite recently imposed United Nations sanctions, CNN reported. The report assesses that Tehran “appears to be stepping up the rebuilding of its ballistic missile program” following the 12-day war with Israel in June.
An Israeli soldier was killed in Gaza in an attack on October 28, and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) carried out strikes across the territory in response. “The targets struck included key terrorists, observation posts, weapons production warehouses, launch posts, underground tunnels, and mortar shell firing posts,” the IDF said. In addition, Israel released drone footage that appeared to show Hamas staging the discovery of the remains of hostage Ofir Tzarfati. Israel has accused Hamas of violating the ceasefire agreement through the slow return of the remains of hostages and continued attacks.
On Monday, the Somali government announced the killing of Shabaab co-founder Jaafar Gurey in a “precision airstrike” that was likely conducted by the United States. If confirmed, Gurey’s death would make him the most recent senior leader of the Al Qaeda branch to be killed since Mohamed Mire in late 2024.
Israel continued operations in Lebanon between October 20 and October 26, 2025. These activities included targeted assassinations of Hezbollah operatives involved in the group’s regeneration efforts and strikes on its assets.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said it killed four members of Hamas who took part in kidnapping Israelis from the Nova Music Festival on October 7. Among these Hamas members killed was Arafat Dib, whose family established a GoFundMe page to raise funds in the wake of his death. The IDF also highlighted four other Hamas members whom it killed for their roles in infiltrating Israeli territory.
Satellite imagery shows an airstrip under construction on Zuqar Island, a strategic location in the Red Sea that is under the control of the National Resistance Forces (NRF), an anti-Houthi partner of the UAE. The UAE has reportedly been behind the development of a series of airstrips across strategic locations in and around the Red and Arabian Seas.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke with Iraqi Prime Minister Shia al Sudani on October 21, discussing the “urgency in disarming Iran-backed militias that undermine Iraq’s sovereignty.” Sudani told the US to “avoid unilateral decisions in Iraq.” The call followed increased US sanctions on Iranian-backed militias in Iraq and individuals linked to them. Separately, Iraq’s National Security Advisor Qasim al Araji visited Iran and met with the head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), while IRGC-Qods Force Commander Esmail Qaani visited Iraq to discuss upcoming elections with Shiite political parties.
Moscow has introduced a new law allowing for reservists to be mustered to counter Ukrainian drone strikes targeting Russian oil refineries and other key facilities.
Kevin Rideout, an American Christian missionary in Niger’s capital of Niamey since 2010, was abducted from his home by suspected jihadists just 100 yards from Niger’s Presidential Palace. Regional security in the Sahel continues to falter as both the Islamic State and Al Qaeda continue to surge.
The Taliban, a monster Islamabad built but can’t control, is waging a war against Pakistan—and it shouldn’t surprise anyone. After decades of Islamabad playing both arsonist and firefighter—nurturing the Taliban, harboring al Qaeda, and weaponizing jihad against India—Bill Roggio and Tom Joscelyn reunite to dissect why the blaze is finally backfiring on Pakistan.
Hamas has told Arab mediators that it will not carry out any more public executions, as the acts have threatened the stability of the group’s ceasefire with Israel. However, Hamas’s Arrow Unit has continued to carry out violent public beatings of Palestinians who have been accused of committing a range of crimes.
The attack targeted the headquarters of the 1st Support and Reinforcement Brigade, which is part of the alliance of pro-government forces in southern Yemen. Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula remains active in the south, despite setbacks.
US Central Command (CENTCOM) opened a Civil-Military Coordination Center in southern Israel on October 17. The center is will monitor the ceasefire in Gaza and support stabilization efforts as US military personnel “help facilitate the flow of humanitarian, logistical, and security assistance from international counterparts into Gaza,” CENTCOM said on October 21. US forces will not deploy inside Gaza. Alongside Israeli military officers, the site will include a British contingent and other partners. US Vice President JD Vance visited the site on October 21.
Israel continued military operations in Lebanon between October 13 and October 19, 2025. These activities included targeted assassinations of Hezbollah operatives involved in the group’s regeneration efforts and strikes on its assets.
Mahmoud al Muhtadi, a reported member of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), was arrested by federal authorities in Louisiana for his alleged participation in the Hamas-led October 7 massacre in southern Israel.
Two Israeli soldiers were killed and several wounded in a terrorist attack in southern Gaza’s Rafah neighborhood on October 19, according to the Israeli military. In response, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) executed a wave of airstrikes in Gaza. One series of strikes used 120 munitions to target a Hamas tunnel that was several miles long. The IDF also continued demarcating the Yellow Line that now marks the extent of its control in the territory.
Anti-Hamas militias have emerged in several locations across the Gaza Strip, aiming to erode the group’s control. Some of the militias reportedly receive Israeli support, and others rely on their tribal networks for backing.
Senior Iranian officials have openly hinted at Tehran’s shifting nuclear posture. A nuclear scientist confirmed Iran’s capacity to build nuclear weapons, while a military official reflected that Tehran should have pursued them in the 1990s—exposing how the regime’s rhetoric now edges closer to weaponization.
Hezbollah hosted a gathering for its Mahdi Scouts in Beirut that the group claimed drew 75,000 attendees. The event was meant to commemorate the Scouts’ 40th anniversary and one year since Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah’s death, while also demonstrating Hezbollah’s continued popularity among Lebanese Shiites.
The US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are moving forward on integration with the security forces of the Syrian transitional government. SDF leader Mazloum Abdi has given several interviews saying that a preliminary agreement has been made with Damascus.
Yemen’s Houthis have indicated that they will stop their attacks on Israel and shipping in international waters as long as a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas is in place. The group also announced the death of its military chief of staff and provided summary statistics of attacks conducted during the war.
Safaa al Mashhadani was reportedly killed in a car bombing on October 15 in Tarmiya, a town north of Baghdad. Mashhadani was a candidate with the Sovereignty (Siyada) Alliance, an important Sunni party running in the country’s November elections. Iraqi media reports indicate the attack has the hallmarks of a targeted assassination, and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) called for a transparent investigation.
Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban have entered into a ceasefire after accusing each other of another round of deadly fighting along their shared border, this time at the Afghan border crossing at Spin Boldak in Kandahar province. The Afghan Taliban’s support for the Movement of the Taliban in Pakistan (TTP) remains the main point of contention between the two otherwise longtime allies.
Hamas has embarked on a campaign against opposing militias and clans in the Gaza Strip since the ceasefire with Israel took effect on October 10. Hamas’s Arrow Unit has conducted public executions and threatened more against those it has deemed collaborators with Israel.
Hamas began transferring the bodies of deceased hostages to Israel on October 13. By October 15, it had transferred eight corpses, and Israel had identified seven of them as hostages. Israel said it would not reopen the Rafah crossing to Gaza and would consider limiting aid if all the 28 deceased hostages were not returned in line with a deal agreed to in Egypt on October 8. The IDF warned Gazans not to approach Israeli forces, which continue to control 50 percent of the territory and are deployed in positions dubbed “the Yellow Line.”
Israel continued military operations in Lebanon between October 6 and October 12, 2025. These activities included targeted assassinations of Hezbollah operatives involved in the group’s regeneration efforts and strikes on its assets.
The Islamic Republic has long backed proxy groups abroad, but their role inside Iran is less well-known. Lebanese Hezbollah, Iraqi Shiite militias, and the Afghan Fatemiyoun Brigade have helped suppress dissent within Iran, and recent reports of their harassment of female students have sparked new outrage.